If you take the current Olympic medals table (ranked by number of golds) and re-order the top 20 gold medal winners to those listed by number of people per gold medal, according to population figures, the rankings are somewhat different.
By this measure, the leader, Australia, is 7 times more athletic than the US and 30 times more than China. Greece is doing well with its home advantage at number 2.
Rank:
1. Australia
2. Greece
3. Romania
4. Sweden
5. Hungary
6. Belarus
7. Netherlands
8. Ukraine
9. France
10. Italy
11. South Korea
12. Japan
13. Great Britain
14. Germany
15. United States
16. Russia
17. Canada
18. Poland
19.Turkey
20. China